CHURRO: Making History Readable with an Open Weight Large Vision Language Model for High Accuracy, Low Cost Historical Text Recognition Handwritten and printed text recognition across 22 centuries and 46 language clusters, including historical and dead languages. Cost vs. accuracy: CHURRO (3B) achieves higher accuracy than much larger commercial and open weight VLMs while being substantially cheaper. CHURRO is a 3B parameter open weight vision language model (VLM) for historical document transcription. It is trained on CHURRO DS , a curated dataset of ~100K pages from 155 historical collections spanning 22 centuries and 46 language clusters. On the CHURRO DS test set, CHURRO delivers 15.5× lower cost than Gemini 2.5 Pro while exceeding its accuracy . For more details and code see https://github.com/stanford oval/Churro.
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