JPEG Re encoding Confound Control Dataset A controlled experiment dataset that isolates one acknowledged but unmeasured confound in ImageNet C . Hendrycks & Dietterich ( Benchmarking Neural Network Robustness to Common Corruptions and Perturbations , ICLR 2019, arXiv:1903.12261) save every corrupted image as a lightly compressed JPEG. The benchmark therefore never measures a corruption c applied to an image x in isolation — it measures JPEG(c(x)) . This dataset lets you quantify how much of each corruption's reported error is attributable to the corruption versus the final JPEG save step , and whether that leakage differs across corruption families. The single isolated variable is the save format : the same corrupted pixel array is saved once losslessly (PNG) and once as JPEG. Everything else — image, corruption, severity, random seed — is held identical, so any measured difference is attributable to the JPEG save step and nothing else. The control structure (four matched arms) For each base image, reduced once to a canonical 224×224 RGB array: arm description clean png canonical image saved losslessly as PNG — the control arm clean jpeg canonical image saved as JPEG at quality q —…
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